Publication Ethics

1. Ethical Responsibilities of Editors

The editors of Jurnal Manajemen, Hukum dan Sosial are responsible for maintaining the integrity, quality, and ethical standards of all articles published in the journal. Editorial decisions must be based on the manuscript’s academic merit, originality, relevance to the journal’s scope, methodological soundness, and compliance with publication ethics.

1.1. Editorial Decisions

Editors are responsible for evaluating submitted manuscripts and determining whether they should be accepted, revised, or rejected. Decisions may be made in consultation with the editorial team, peer reviewers, and other relevant experts. Manuscripts must be assessed objectively, without discrimination based on the authors’ nationality, ethnicity, race, religion, political affiliation, gender, institutional affiliation, seniority, or other personal characteristics unrelated to scholarly merit.

1.2. Peer Review

Editors must ensure that manuscripts are evaluated through a fair and appropriate peer-review process. Where the journal applies a double-anonymous review system, editors must take reasonable measures to protect the identities of authors and reviewers throughout the process.

Editorial decisions should consider reviewers’ substantive comments and recommendations. Authors should receive relevant and constructive feedback, excluding confidential information and comments that are personal, defamatory, or otherwise inappropriate.

1.3. Confidentiality

Editors must maintain the confidentiality of submitted manuscripts and related communications. Manuscript content must not be disclosed to unauthorized individuals or used for personal, professional, or commercial advantage.

1.4. Conflicts of Interest

Editors must not participate in decisions concerning manuscripts in which they have financial, professional, personal, academic, or other competing interests. Such manuscripts must be assigned to an appropriate independent editor.

1.5. Research and Publication Misconduct

Editors must respond appropriately to suspected research or publication misconduct, including plagiarism, data fabrication or falsification, duplicate publication, inappropriate authorship, citation manipulation, and peer-review manipulation. Investigations and editorial actions must follow established ethical procedures and relevant guidance from the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE).

1.6. Reviewer Selection

Editors should select reviewers with appropriate expertise and without identifiable conflicts of interest. Reasonable requests from authors to exclude particular reviewers should be considered objectively, although the final decision rests with the editorial team.

2. Ethical Responsibilities of Bestari Partners (Peer Reviewers)

Bestari Partners, or peer reviewers, play an essential role in safeguarding the academic quality and integrity of Jurnal Manajemen, Hukum dan Sosial. Reviewers are expected to evaluate manuscripts fairly, confidentially, and constructively.

2.1. Objectivity and Constructive Feedback

Reviewers must provide objective, evidence-based evaluations that help editors make informed decisions and assist authors in improving their manuscripts. Comments should focus on the quality of the research, theoretical contribution, methodology, analysis, interpretation, legal reasoning where applicable, and relevance to management and social-science scholarship.

Personal criticism, discriminatory remarks, and unsupported allegations are unacceptable.

2.2. Competence and Timeliness

Reviewers should accept assignments only when they have sufficient expertise to evaluate the manuscript and can complete the review within the specified period. If additional time is required or the manuscript falls outside their expertise, they must promptly inform the editor.

2.3. Confidentiality

Manuscripts received for review must be treated as confidential documents. Reviewers must not share, reproduce, distribute, or discuss manuscript content with unauthorized parties without the editor’s permission.

2.4. Conflicts of Interest

Reviewers must disclose any actual or potential conflicts of interest, including personal relationships, institutional affiliations, financial interests, professional competition, or collaborative relationships with the authors. Reviewers should decline assignments where such conflicts could compromise their impartiality.

2.5. Identification of Ethical Concerns

Reviewers should notify the editor of suspected plagiarism, substantial overlap with previously published work, questionable data, inappropriate citations, ethical concerns, or other irregularities. Reviewers must support their concerns with clear explanations or evidence wherever possible.

2.6. Responsible Use of Manuscript Information

Reviewers must not use unpublished information, research findings, arguments, legal analyses, or ideas obtained through peer review for personal, professional, financial, or competitive advantage.

3. Ethical Responsibilities of Authors

Authors submitting manuscripts to Jurnal Manajemen, Hukum dan Sosial must comply with recognized standards of research integrity and responsible scholarly publishing.

3.1. Originality and Exclusive Submission

Authors must submit original work that has not been published previously and is not under consideration for publication elsewhere. Simultaneous submission of the same manuscript to multiple journals is prohibited.

Any use of previously published material, including the authors’ own work, must be appropriately acknowledged and must comply with applicable copyright and publication requirements. Republishing substantially similar work without transparent disclosure and proper justification is not permitted.

3.2. Accuracy and Research Integrity

Authors must present their research, analysis, arguments, evidence, and conclusions accurately. Data fabrication, data falsification, manipulation of research findings, plagiarism, and other forms of research misconduct are prohibited.

For manuscripts involving empirical research, authors must ensure that the reported methods and findings accurately reflect the research conducted. For legal, conceptual, or doctrinal research, authors must accurately represent legal sources, statutes, regulations, court decisions, scholarly arguments, and other evidence relevant to their analysis.

3.3. Citation and Acknowledgment

Authors must properly cite all sources, ideas, data, quotations, and materials that are not their own. References must be accurate and relevant to the claims they support. Citation manipulation, including the unnecessary inflation of references or coercive citation practices, is unacceptable.

3.4. Authorship and Contributions

Authorship must reflect substantial scholarly contributions to the research and manuscript. All listed authors must have participated meaningfully in the work, approved the final version, and accepted responsibility for its content.

Individuals who do not meet the criteria for authorship should be acknowledged appropriately, with their permission where necessary. The corresponding author is responsible for ensuring that all authors have approved the submission and that any changes to authorship are disclosed to and approved by the editorial team.

3.5. Research Ethics and Participant Protection

Authors conducting research involving human participants, personal data, interviews, surveys, observations, or other potentially sensitive information must comply with applicable ethical standards and legal requirements.

Where required, authors must obtain approval from a competent research ethics committee, informed consent from participants, and appropriate authorization for the collection and use of personal or confidential data. Authors must protect participants’ privacy, confidentiality, safety, and dignity.

Research involving vulnerable groups or sensitive social, legal, or organizational issues must be conducted with particular care to minimize potential harm.

3.6. Conflicts of Interest and Funding

Authors must disclose financial and non-financial interests that could reasonably be perceived as influencing their research, analysis, or conclusions. All sources of research funding and relevant sponsor involvement must be disclosed.

3.7. Data Availability and Research Transparency

Authors must retain appropriate research records and provide relevant data, materials, or supporting documentation when reasonably requested by the editor for verification, subject to ethical obligations, confidentiality restrictions, legal requirements, and data-protection rules.

Authors must not conceal or misrepresent evidence relevant to the integrity of their work.

3.8. Use of Artificial Intelligence

Authors must use generative artificial intelligence (AI) and AI-assisted technologies responsibly and transparently. AI tools must not be listed as authors because they cannot take responsibility for the accuracy, originality, and integrity of scholarly work.

Authors remain fully responsible for the content of their submissions, including verifying factual claims, references, data, legal citations, and interpretations generated or assisted by AI tools. Where AI use materially contributes to the development of the manuscript, authors must disclose that use in accordance with the journal’s applicable instructions. AI tools must not be used to fabricate data, references, sources, or research results.

3.9. Correction and Withdrawal of Manuscripts

Authors must promptly inform the editor if they discover a significant error or inaccuracy in a submitted or published manuscript. They must cooperate with the editorial team in correcting the record, issuing a correction, or retracting the article when necessary.

Authors who wish to withdraw a manuscript before publication must submit a written request explaining the reason for withdrawal. Withdrawal is subject to editorial confirmation and must not be used to evade legitimate peer review or an investigation into suspected misconduct.

4. Authorship Criteria and Contributions

Jurnal Manajemen, Hukum dan Sosial recognizes that authorship carries both credit and responsibility. Each author should have made a substantial contribution to the conception or design of the work; the collection, analysis, or interpretation of data or sources; or the development of the manuscript.

All authors must participate in reviewing or revising the manuscript, approve the final version, and agree to be accountable for the integrity of the work. Individuals who provide only administrative assistance, routine data collection, funding, or general supervision should not automatically be listed as authors unless they also meet the relevant authorship criteria.

Changes to authorship after submission must be explained in writing and approved by all affected authors, subject to the editor’s assessment.

5. Allegations of Research Misconduct

The journal takes allegations of research and publication misconduct seriously. Misconduct may occur in manuscripts submitted for review or in articles that have already been published.

Examples include, but are not limited to:

  • Plagiarism and self-plagiarism without appropriate acknowledgment.

  • Fabrication or falsification of data, research findings, or supporting evidence.

  • Duplicate or redundant publication and inappropriate text recycling.

  • Inappropriate authorship, including ghost authorship or honorary authorship.

  • Citation manipulation and misleading or fabricated references.

  • Manipulation of the peer-review process.

  • Undisclosed conflicts of interest that materially affect the work.

  • Failure to comply with applicable research ethics requirements.

  • Misrepresentation of legal authorities, source materials, or research evidence.

5.1. Reporting Concerns

Authors, reviewers, readers, and other parties may report suspected misconduct to the editorial team through the journal’s official contact channels. Reports should provide sufficient details and supporting evidence to enable an initial assessment.

5.2. Assessment and Investigation

The editor will assess the allegation fairly and confidentially. Where appropriate, the editor may request explanations, original data, supporting documents, or other relevant information from the authors.

The journal will distinguish honest errors from potential misconduct and will provide the parties concerned with a reasonable opportunity to respond. If the allegation requires formal investigation beyond the journal’s authority, the editor may contact the relevant institution, research ethics committee, publisher, or other competent body.

5.3. Editorial Actions

Depending on the nature and seriousness of the concern, the journal may take one or more of the following actions:

  • Request clarification, additional evidence, or a correction.

  • Reject the manuscript or suspend the editorial process pending investigation.

  • Publish a correction, expression of concern, or retraction.

  • Notify the relevant institution or responsible authority when justified.

  • Restrict future submissions in cases of serious or repeated misconduct, where appropriate and consistent with due process.

All actions must be proportionate to the evidence and consistent with the journal’s commitment to publication integrity.

6. Conflict of Interest

A conflict of interest arises when personal, financial, professional, institutional, or other relationships could influence, or reasonably appear to influence, scholarly judgment.

Authors, editors, and reviewers must disclose relevant actual or potential conflicts of interest. The existence of a disclosed conflict does not automatically mean that the research is invalid; however, undisclosed or unmanaged conflicts may undermine confidence in the editorial process or published findings.

The editor is responsible for assessing disclosed conflicts and taking appropriate measures, including assigning an independent editor or reviewer, requesting additional disclosure, or declining to proceed where impartial evaluation cannot reasonably be ensured.

7. Post-Publication Discussion Policy

Jurnal Manajemen, Hukum dan Sosial supports responsible academic discussion of published articles to encourage scholarly debate, improve research quality, and maintain the integrity of the academic record.

7.1. Scope of Discussion

Post-publication discussion may address the theoretical contribution, research design, methodology, interpretation, evidence, legal reasoning, practical implications, or conclusions of a published article. Submissions may also identify possible errors, limitations, inconsistencies, or ethical concerns that warrant editorial attention.

7.2. Submission Requirements

Contributions must be relevant to an article published in the journal, evidence-based, academically constructive, and written in a professional manner. Authors must clearly identify the article being discussed and provide appropriate references or supporting evidence.

Submissions must not contain defamatory statements, personal attacks, discriminatory language, unsupported allegations, or material unrelated to the scholarly issue under discussion.

7.3. Editorial Assessment

The editorial team will assess submissions for relevance, scholarly value, factual support, ethical compliance, and suitability for publication. Where appropriate, the editor may seek independent expert assessment or invite the original article’s authors to respond.

The journal may reject or request revisions to contributions that do not meet its academic or ethical standards.

7.4. Right of Reply

Where a post-publication contribution raises substantive questions about a published article, the original authors may be invited to submit a response. The editorial team will evaluate the response according to the same standards of fairness, relevance, and scholarly rigor.

The journal will seek to ensure that significant scholarly disagreements are handled fairly and that relevant parties have a reasonable opportunity to respond.

7.5. Handling Potential Errors or Misconduct

If a discussion identifies a credible concern about the reliability or integrity of a published article, the editor will assess the evidence and determine whether further inquiry is necessary. Appropriate action may include requesting clarification, publishing a correction, issuing an expression of concern, or retracting the article in accordance with the journal’s publication ethics procedures.

7.6. Submission and Editorial Independence

Post-publication discussion contributions should be submitted through the journal’s designated submission system or official contact channel, as specified on the journal website.

All decisions will be made independently and on academic and ethical grounds. The journal does not guarantee publication of every discussion submission and reserves the right to request revisions or reject submissions that fail to meet its standards.

8. Ownership and Management

Jurnal Manajemen, Hukum dan Sosial is committed to transparency regarding its ownership, publishing organization, editorial management, and institutional affiliations.

The journal’s official website should clearly identify the responsible institution or publisher, the editorial team, the journal’s contact information, and any relevant policies governing editorial independence and publication management.

Editorial decisions must be based on scholarly and ethical considerations rather than commercial, personal, political, or institutional pressure. Any financial or organizational arrangements must not compromise the integrity of peer review or publication decisions.